Report Bsb vs Sky Television - 1264 Words

1. BSB should have been able to identify potential competitors, particularly News Corporation. News Corporation was successful in US (in the US TV satellite industry), had experience transmitting television programs to Western Europe with a low-powered satellite and they already had presence in the UK with newspapers, which could allowed Sky to realize economies of scope. These economies of scope are even more significant if we take into account that News Corporation owns 20th Century Fox Studios. After purchasing 69% interests in SATV and renaming it to Sky Channel, this was a clear signal of a potential competitor to BSB. Adding to this, other signal was Murdoch’s personality, characterized by being aggressive and used to risk and make†¦show more content†¦A company that would act fast and decisively would be a serious threat for BSB. 2. Before Sky’s announcement BSB should have followed a strategy to increase the cost of entry for any potential entrant. In practice, BSB could have bought exclusivity rights over Astra satellite as a new entrant could provide the same service with a medium-powered satellite. Actually, by signing this exclusivity they would have launched their services immediately (with PAL existing technology), guaranteeing a first move advantage and restricting the room for entrants. Afterwards, with the network established BSB perhaps could upgrade its technology to D-Mac (high-powered) but this time with control over market. Speed in getting to the market was crucial in this case, but BSB missed it, having technology concerns prioritized over marketing concerns. Besides, if they insisted in this technology (D-MAC) they should have lobbied to put legal restrictions in medium-powered satellites transmitting for UK, consistent with the Government objective to promote investment in MAC standa rd. Moreover, they should have pursued exclusive agreement with movie studios, as soon as possible, to limit entrants’ ability to have superior programming. On the other hand, exclusivity or partnerships in distribution, were recommended, by tying retailers to sell the dishes, benefiting with the costumers’ higher switching costs and, consequently, higher future market share. Ex-post Sky’s entry announcement, itShow MoreRelatedReport: Bsb vs Sky Television1255 Words   |  6 Pages1. BSB should have been able to identify potential competitors, particularly News Corporation. News Corporation was successful in US (in the US TV satellite industry), had experience transmitting television programs to Western Europe with a low-powered satellite and they already had presence in the UK with newspapers, which could allowed Sky to realize economies of scope. These economies of scope are even more significant if we take into account that News Corporation owns 20th Century Fox StudiosRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pagesindie music industry C A S E F I V E Nucor in 2005 C A S E S I X News Corp in 2005: Consolidating the DirecTV acquisition C A S E S E V E N Shanghai Volkswagen: Implementing project management in the electrical engineering division C A S E E I G H T Television New Zealand: Balancing between commercial and social objectives C A S E N I N E From greenï ¬ eld to graduates: University of the Sunshine Coast C A S E T E N Whole Foods Market, 2005: Will there be enough organic food to satisfy the C A S E E L ERead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesthat do not reach fruition are considered, Exhibit 1 Creating new pharmaceuticals. It takes 10–15 years on average for an experimental drug to travel from the lab to patients Source: PhRMA, Medicines in Development – Biotechnology – 2006 Report, p. 51. ECS8C_C02.qxd 22/10/2007 11:53 Page 610 610 THE GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Exhibit 2 Methods used to control pharmaceutical spending Mixed effect Partial reimbursement at price negotiated with manufacturer Generic

Louis Xiv Foreign Policy - 1680 Words

‘Louis XIV’s foreign policy was entirely driven by his personal quest for gloire’. To what extent do you consider this statement to be true? Upon the coronation of Louis XIV on the 7th of June 1654, Mazarin informed Louis in fatherly tones that â€Å"It is up to you to become the most glorious king that has ever been†. Although Louis’ personal reign did not truly begin until 1661, he took this advice to heart and for the early part of his reign his foreign policy was almost entirely based upon his desire to become a renowned warrior king and win honour for himself and his kingdom. After 1674 and the withdrawal of French troops from Dutch soil, however, Louis seemed to mellow and become less hot-blooded, with security being the dominant factor†¦show more content†¦Having said all this, neither the religious nor the economic motives can be completely disregarded as they did occasionally influence Louis’ foreign policy. More than anything, certainly for the first part of Louis’ reign at least, it was the pursuit of ‘gloire’ that drove Louis in his foreign policy. When Louis was asked to justify his attack on the Dutch in 1672 Louis replied, â€Å"I shall not attempt to justify myself. Ambition and glory are always pardonable in a Prince.† Historian Joel Cornette argues convincingly that it was more than just a factor in his foreign policy; it was a fundamental attribute of Louis’ sovereignty. War justified his regal authority and defined the relationship between the King and the nobility, so in his view unless he portrayed himself as a warrior King, he was not King at all. Both the war of Devolution and the Dutch war were wars of gloire and little else; John Lynn argues that this view is supported by the fact that Louis was the instigator of both wars as he made the first aggressive moves. 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Self Reflection Essay Example For Students

Self Reflection Essay Self Reflection Essay 1 Self-Assessment and Reflection Paper Managerial Communication (COM 515) February 6, 2001 Self Reflection 2 Self-Assessment and Reflection Paper In the last seven weeks, I had an opportunity to look back and analyze the events that has shaped my life. This was a unique experience where I was emotionally comfortable enough to look back at life. I was able to objectively revisit many events that were often buried and too painful to face. I was free from the turmoil of emotional fears of failure, anger, regret and loneliness, which often clouded my perception. . I was able to dwell on many pleasant and unpleasant events with more comfort and confidence. I accepted each event as part of life, regardless of whether it was a good or bad experience. I understand that life transpires even when we are not prepared for it, but more importantly, it is how we deal with circumstances that keep us going forward. For the first time, there was clarity and I became aware of two main points one was my life changing/challenging experience and the second was my financial growth. My life has been a journey filled with challenging experience, which consist of some unfixable actions, like leaving home. I grew up in an authoritarian, religious environment where personal expression and freedom did not exist. Since I could remember, there was a constant pressure for me to conform into Indian Christian society. Over the years the burden of not being able to convey my feelings and endless demands grew to hatred and retaliation toward my parents. The day after my high school graduation, without letting anybody know I disappeared. I packed all my belongings and moved to Houston, where my friend had moved a year before. My moving was one of the greatest decisions I ever made, helping me to mature as an individual and to understand and experience a life that I never thought possible. Self Reflection 3 One major guilty element that has plagued me is how I had deceived my parents and left them with a bag of fears and uncertainty. Without even letting them know if I was safe or without even trying to discuss my unhappiness, I vanished for three days. Those three days must have been the worst days of their lives. I was not man enough to stand up to my parents and express my discontent. Rather than to disentangle the issue by talking thing out with my parents, I became a coward and ran away. Upon manifestation, I have learned a lot during that challenging experience, especially how to be an independent individual. I got my own place, bought a new car, and went to school full time while working full time. I supported myself financially, emotionally and mentally. Even though my move to Houston was the right one, I executed the move without thinking things through. I should have stopped being self-centered and thought of the pain and anguish that it would cause my parents. This life learning experience has been a double-edged sword, because it has taught me to stand up for what I want, yet on the other hand, sometimes running away is probably the best thing to do, which will help to clear clouded thoughts and refocus on my destination. Play to Win by Larry Wilson introduces a simplistic, yet optimistic, method of viewing life. It embraces two fundamental views emotional and spiritual maturity that allows us to evaluate who we are. Life is an adventure to be experienced, lived, experimented with and committed to. (Wilson,1998, p.89) This statement alone tells us that we are in control of our lives. We all can choose dissimilar and painful paths to get to the safe place and that is okay. When looking back, my second life-learning lesson came through financial growth. This growth was to some extent expected, since I was so lavish with cash. The Tragedy of Macbeth Persuasive Essay My Self Reflection 4 financial motto was that money comes and money goes. I knew eventually, I needed to get a grasp on my foolish spending habit, but it spun out of control with each purchase. There were days where I would squander money like there was no tomorrow. I never planned for the future let alone on .

Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Powder free essay sample

PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH MARBLE POWDER A MINI PROJECT REPORT Submitted by; RAHUL-M JAMSHEED . P MUHAMMAD SHANIL . K. P GEO . P. JOSE JAGADEESH . K. A | | | | | | | | In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AWH ENGINEERING COLLEGE KUTTIKKATOOR DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AWH ENGINEERING COLLEGE CALICUT-8 KERALA 2011 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this report entitled â€Å"partial replacement of cement with marble powder† is a bonafide record of the mini project presented by rahul , jamsheed, shanil , geo, and jagdeesh, under our guidance towards the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of bachelor of technology degree in civil engineering, by the university of Calicut during the year 2011. Guide;Head of department; Miss. DIVYA RAJAN Prof. Dr. M. R. MADHAVAN NAMBIAR LECTURER HOD, civil engineering dept; Department of civil engineering AWH ENGINEERING COLLEGE AWH ENGINEERING COLLEGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to Prof. We will write a custom essay sample on Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Powder or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dr. M. R. MADHAVAN NAMBIAR (the Head of CIVIL engineering dept;) and Miss. DIVYA RAJAN (Our guide for the project) for their constant encouragement, valuable suggestions and inspiration, which help us to optimize this project. We are thank full to BABU . S (staff in charge of mini project) for his kind co-operation. We also wish to express our deep thanks to Miss, ANUSHA . A (lab assistant, civil department) and all the teachers of civil engineering department for their whole hearted co-operation and moral support. Finally we convey thanks to our friends for installing us the strength and power required to fulfil any work extended to us. ABSTRACT Leaving the waste materials to the environment directly can cause environmental problem. Hence the reuse of waste material has been emphasized. Waste can be used to produce new products or can be used as admixtures so that natural resources are used more efficiently and the environment is protected from waste deposits. Marble stone industry generates both solid waste and stone slurry. Whereas solid waste results from the rejects at the mine sites or at the processing units, stone slurry is a semi liquid substance consisting of particles originating from the sawing and the polishing processes and water used to cool and lubricate the sawing and polishing machines. Stone slurry generated during processing corresponds to around 40% of the final product from stone industry. This is relevant because the stone industry presents an annual output of 68 million tonnes of processed products. These industrial wastes are dumped in the nearby land and the natural fertility of the soil is spoiled. Therefore the scientific and industrial community must commit towards more sustainable practices. There are several reuse and recycling solutions for this industrial by-product, both at an experimental phase and in practical applications. Keeping the above in view, cement is partially refilled with marble powder in concrete. Concrete blocks replaced with 5%, 10%, 15% 20%. Marble powder have been prepared and compared with standard blocks of conventional cement. These blocks are then tested for properties like compressive strength and tensile strength. The results obtained are quite encouraging. Compressive strength is within the average permissible compressive strength as per IS 2185 (Part1) 1979. As per IS 456 2000 the relation between compressive strength and tensile strength of the obtained result is between the permissible limits. It opens the door for further experimentation in the field of roads and high rise buildings. CONTENTS Acknowledgement1 Abstract 2 Content List of figures and tables Chapter -1 Introduction Chapter -2 objectives and scope of investigation (2. 1) objectives (2. 2) scope of investigation Chapter – 3 study Chapter 4 testing on physical properties of material (4. 1) setting time of cement (4. 2) fineness of cement (4. 3) specific gravity (4. 3a)specific gravity of cement (4. 3b) specific gravity of coarse aggregate (4. 3c)specific gravity of fine aggregate (4. 4) sieve analysis (4. 4a)sieve analysis of fine aggregate (4. 4 b) sieve analysis of coarse aggregate Chapter -5 mix design (5. 5) determination of cement content (5. 6) Determination of fine and coarse aggregate content (5. ) Mix proportion Chapter – 6 experimental procedure (6. 1) test for compressive strength of concrete (6. 2) test for tensile strength of concrete Chapter – 7 result and discussion (7. 4) discussion Chapter – 8 comparison with IS code Chapter – 9 conclusion Chapter – 10 reference LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES; (4. 3. 1) Specific gravit y of coarse aggregate (4. 3. 2) specific gravity of fine aggregate (4. 4. 1) sieve analysis of fine aggregate (4. 4. 2) grading limit of fine aggregate (4. 4. 3) sieve analysis of coarse aggregate (4. 4. 4) particle size distribution curve (5. 1) design stipulation (5. 2) water cement ratio curve (5. ) approximation of sand and water content (5. 6. 1) entrapped air content (5. 6. 2) mix design (6. 1) casted cube and cylinder (7. 1) compressive strength 7 days (7. 2) compressive strength 28 days (7. 1. 1) graphical representation of compressive strength (7. 3. 1) tensile strength 7days (7. 3. 2) tensile strength 28 days (7. 3. 3) graphical representation of tensile strength Chapter 1; INTRODUCTION INFLUENCE OF MARBLE DUST AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE The advancement of concrete technology can reduce the consumption of natural resources and energy sources and lessen the burden of pollutants on environment. Presently large amounts of marble dust are generated in natural stone processing plants with an important impact on environment and humans. This project describes the feasibility of using the marble sludge dust in concrete production as partial replacement of cement. In INDIA, the marble and granite stone processing is one of the most thriving industry the effects if varying marble dust contents on the physical and mechanical properties of fresh and hardened concrete have been investigated. Slump and air content of fresh concrete and absorption and compressive strength of hardened concrete were also investigated. Test results show that this industrial bi product is capable of improving hardened concrete performance up to 10%, The compressive strength of concrete was measured for 7 , and 28 days. In order to evaluate the effects of marble dust on mechanical behaviour, many different mortar mixes were tested. Chapter 2; OBJECTIVES SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION; (2. 1)OBJECTIVES In this project our main objective is to study the influence of partial replacement of cement with marble powder , and to compare it with the compressive and tensile strength of ordinary M20 concrete. We are also trying to find the percentage of marble powder replaced in concrete that makes the strength of the concrete maximum. Nowadays marble powder has become a pollutant. So , by partially replacing cement with marble powder, we are proposing a method that can be of great use in reducing pollution to a great extent. (2. 2) SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION This study is confined to the utilisation of marble dust in place of cement for making concrete blocks. Properties like compressive strength and tensile strength are only studied and suitably is arrived by comparing it with specifications given in BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (B. I. S). Chapter – 3; STUDY We have referred various projects using marble powder conducted by different research institutions they are 1) In co- operation of marble sludge in industrial building Eco blocks or cement bricks formulation Producing eco blocks to be used in houses ‘building from marble sludge through maximum possible substitution of sludge for sand and other components of the mixed materials used in blocks manufacturing was investigated successfully. By, FAKHER J AUKOUR – THE HASHEMITE UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN 2) Feasibility study of manufacturing eco blocks concrete using sludge powder as raw material. The feasibility study of manufacturing eco blocks concrete using sludge powder as raw material. By , FAKHER J AUKOUR – THE HASHEMITE UNIVERSITY OF JORDAN Chapter – 4; TESTING ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS GENERAL; Concrete blocks are being widely used nowadays. The performance of concrete depends on the quality and quantity of the ingredients such as cement, aggregates, sand, and water. Without the study of the properties of ingredients of concrete work in depth and range, the study of concrete is incomplete. Experimental investigations have been carried out to evaluate the physical and mechanical characteristics of all the aggregates to be used in the manufacture of concrete blocks. (4. 1) SETTING TIME OF CEMENT Initial setting time is the time elapsed between the moment that the water is added to cement to the time that the paste start losing plasticity. The final setting time is the time elapsed between the moment water is added to the cement, and the time When the paste has completely lost its plasticity and has attained sufficient fineness to resist certain definite pressure. Setting time is tested in vacate apparatus. Take 400 gm of cement paste with . 85P water by weight of cement. Where P is the standard consistency of cement. Start stop watch at a instant when the water is added to the cement. Fill the vicat mould with cement paste and smooth the surface of paste and lower the needle gently in contact surface test block. Repeat the process until the needle starts to pierce the block for about 5mm measure from bottom. That time between water added to cement and the needle falls to 5mm measure. IS SPECIFICATION For Portland Pozzuolana cement initial setting time should less than 30 minute and final setting time is not greater than 600 minute. INITIAL SETTING TIME = 34 minutes (4. 2) FINENESS TEST The fineness of cement has an important bearing on the rate of hydration and hence on the rate of gain of strength and also on the rate of evolution of heat. Fineness of cement offer great surface area and hence faster development of strength. Weigh accurately 100 gm of cement and place it on a IS sieve 90 micron. Break down the air set lump on the sample with fingers. Continuously sieve the sample for 15 minutes . Weigh the residue left on sieve. It is the fineness of cement IS SPECIFICATION Fineness shall not exceed 10% for ordinary cement. FINENESS MODULUS = 6% (4. 3 ) SPECIFIC GRAVITY Specific gravity is defined as the ratio between the weight of the given volume of solid to the weight of equal volume of water. (4. 3a ) SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CEMENT (LE – CHATLIER FLASK) Specific gravity is defined as the ratio between the weight of the given volume of cement to the weight of equal volume of water. The test is done in LE- CHATLIER FLASK. The flask is filled with kerosene oil to appoint on stem between 0 and 1ml. Put 100 gm of cement in flask and note the rise of kerosene level in the flask. That is the specific gravity of cement. Weight of cement used= 60 gm Initial reading on flask = 0 ml Final reading on flask= 23 ml Specific gravity of cement= weight of cement used Weight of equal volume of water Specific gravity of cement = 2. 608 (4. 3 b) SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COARSE AGGREGATE;- Specific gravity of coarse aggregate is found out by pyconometer method. Take the empty weight of pycnometerM1 , Add coarse aggregate into it about half of the bottle and note the weight M2. Then add water full above the coarse aggregate and note the weight M3. Empty the pycnometer bottle and fill it with water and weigh, that is M4. Using these observation find out specific gravity of coarse aggregate TABLE(4. 3. 1) SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COARSE AGGREGATE SL NO | DETERMINATION| Gm| Gm| 1| Pycnometer (M1)| 458| 463| 2| Pycnometer + aggregate(M2)| 706| 666| 3| Pycnometer+ aggregate +water(M3)| 1405| 1385| 4| Pycnometer+ water (M4)| 1258| 1253| CALCULATIONS;- Specific gravity =(M2-M1) (M2-M1)-(M3-M4) (a) (706-458) = 2. 45 (706-458)-(1405-1258) (b) (666-463) = 2. 859 (666-463)-(1385-1253) Mean of these = 2. 66 Therefore, specific gravity of coarse aggregate = 2. 66 (4. 3 c) SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FINE AGGREGATE;- Specific gravity of fine aggregate is found out by pyconometer method. Take the empty weight of pycnometerM1 , Add sand into it about half of the bottle and note the weight M2. Then add water full above the sand and note the weight M3. Then the pycnometer bottle is cleaned and take full of water and weight it ie M4. Using these observation find out specific gravity of fine aggregate TABLE( 4. 3. 2) SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FINE AGGREGATE;- SL NO| Determination | Gm| Gm| 1| Pycnometer (M1)| 458. 10| 451| 2| Pycnometer + sand (half of bottle)(M2) | 676| 697| 3| Pycnometer+ sand + full of water (M3)| 1390| 1405| 4| Pycnometer + full of water (M4)| 1253| 1258| CALCULATIONS;- Specific gravity = (M2-M1) (M2-M1)-(M3-M4) a). (676-458. 10) = 2. 693 (676-458. 10)-(1390-1253) b) (697-451) = 2. 49 (697-451)-(1405-1258) Therefore, specific gravity of fine aggregate = 2. 59 (4. 4)SIEVE ANALYSIS;- The sieve analysis is conducted to determine the particle size distribution of sample aggregate which called gradation. The better grade, voids ratio is less and high workability of concrete. (4. 4 a)SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AGGREGATE ;- IS sieve size 4. 75mm, 2. 36 mm, 1. 18mm, 600 micron, 300 micron , 150 micron, and 90 micron were taken, and placed in such a way that large sieve on the top. Take 100 gm of fine aggregate and put it in the top sieve then sieve about 5 minute and collect weight of sample retained in each sieve. From these observation find fineness modulus of fine aggregate. Quantity of sand = 1 Kg Time of sieving = 15 minutes TABLE (4. 4. 1) SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AGGREGATE SL NO| SIEVE SIZE| WEIGHT RETAINED| %OF WEIGHT RETAINED| CUMULATIVE % RETAINED| CUMULATIVE % PASSING| 1| 40mm| 0| 0| 0| 100| 2| 20mm| 0| 0| 0| 100| 3| 10mm| 0| 0| 0| 100| 4| 4. 75| 0| 0| 0| 100| 5| 2. 36| 98| 9. 8| 9. 8| 90. 2| 6| 1. 18| 60| 6| 15. 8| 84. 2| 7| 600micron| 188| 18. 8| 34. 6| 65. 4| 8| 300micron| 397| 39. 7| 74. 3| 25. 7| 9| 150micron| 221| 22. 1| 96. 4| 3. 6| 10| 90micron| 21. 5| 2. 15| 98. 5| 1. 45| 11| L. P| 19. 5| 1. 95| 100| 0| Fineness modulus = 329. 4 100 = 3. 29% TABLE(4. 4. 2) GRADING LIMITS OF FINE AGGREGATE IS 383 1970 | Percentage passing by weight for| | GradingZone1| GradingZone2| Grading zone 3 | Grading zone 4| 10 mm| 100| 100| 100| 100| 4. 75mm| 90-100| 90-100| 90-100| 95-100| 2. 36mm| 60-95| 75-100| 85-100| 95-100| 1. 18mm| 30-70| 55-90| 75-100| 90-100| 600 micron| 15-34| 35-59| 60-79| 80-100| 300 micron| 5-20| 8-30| 12-40| 15-50| 150 micron| 0-10| 0-10| 0-10| 0-15| According to IS383 1970 the given fine aggregate belongs to zone 3 (4. 4. b)SIEVE ANALYSIS COARSE AGGREGATE;- For sieve analysis of coarse aggregate IS sieve NO; 40 mm, 20mm, 10mm, 4. 5mm, are used , and these sieves are arranged in such a way that large sieve is on the top. Take 4000gm of coarse aggregate and placed it on the top of the sieve . and sieved for 10 minutes using mechanical sieve. Then find out weight of retained on each sieve. Using these observation find out fineness modulus of coarse aggregate. Quantity of materials = 4 kg Time of sieving= 10 minutes TA BLE(4. 4. 3) SIEVE ANALYSIS COARSE AGGREGATE;- SL NO| Sieve size| Weight retained(gm)| %weight retained| Cumulative % weight retained| Cumulative %weight passing| 1| 40mm| 0| 0| 0| 100| 2| 20mm| 585. 0| 14. 625| 14. 5| 85. 375| 3| 10mm| 3260| 81. 5| 96. 12| 3. 88| 4| 4. 75mm| 155| 3. 875| 100| 0| 5| 2. 40mm| 0| 0| 100| 0| 6| 1. 18mm| 0| 0| 100| 0| 7| 600m| 0| 0| 100| 0| 8| 300m| 0| 0| 100| 0| 9| 150m| 0| 0| 100| 0| | | | | 710. 77| | Fineness modulus = 710. 77 100 = 7. 10% PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVE FOR FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATE FIGURE (4. 4) From the graph the grading of fine and coarse aggregate is analysed Chapter 5 MIX DESIGN: Mix design for concrete was made using the properties of constituents of concrete. Grade of concrete was taken as M20 and the mix design was done as per IS:10262-1982 and IS:456-2000. The water cement ratio was taken as 0. 5 which should be the maximum for M20 grade under mild exposure condition . MIX DESIGN OF M 20 TABLE(5. 1) DESIGN STIPULATIONS SL NO| DESIGN STIPULATIONS| QUANTITY| 1| Characteristic compressive strength required in the field at 28 days| 20N/mm2| 2| Maximum size of aggregates| 20mm(angular)| 3| Degree of workability| 0. 90 (compacting factor)| 4| Degree of quality of control | Good | 5| Type of exposure| Mild| TABLE(5. 2) TEST DATA FOR MATERIAL SL NO| TEST DATA FOR MATERIAL| QUANTITY| 1| Cement used| Portland slag cement| 2| Specific gravity of cement| 2. 08| 3| Specific gravity of fine aggregate| 2. 59| 4| Specific gravity of coarse aggregate| 2. 66| 5| Water absorption of fine aggregate| Nil| | Water absorption of coarse aggregate| Nil| 7| Free moisture of fine aggregate| Nil| 8| Free moisture of coarse aggregate| Nil| 9| Sieve analysis of fine aggregate| Grade 3| TARGET MEAN STRENGTH FOR MIX DESIGN fck =fck +1. 65s fck =20+1. 654. 6 = 27. 59N /mm2 As per IS;10262-1982, FIG (5. 2) WATER CEMENT RATIO CURVE From the figure water cement ratio is . 5 TABLE (5. )APPROXIMATE SAND AND WATER CONTENT PER CUBIC METER OF CONCRETE FOR GRADES UPTO M35 Nominal maximumSize of aggregate(mm)| Water content perCubic meter of concrete(kg)| Sand as percent ofTotal aggregate byAbsolute volume| 10| 208| 40| 20| 186| 35| 40| 165| 30| From table 5. 3; Water content = 186 kg/m3 Sand content = 35% For change in value of water cement ratio, compacting factor and sand belonging to Zone 3 ,the following adjustment is required TABLE(5. 4) ADJUSTMENTS IN WATER CONTENT AND SAND CONTENT Therefore, required sand content as percentage of total aggregate by absolute volume = 35 3. 5 = 31. 5 % Required water content =186 + (186x 3) / 100 = 186 + 5. 58 =191. 6 litre /m3. (5. 5)DETERMINATION OF CEMENT CONTENT;- Water cement ratio = 0. 50 Water = 191. 61 Cement = 191. 6/0. 50 = 383 kg/m3 This cement content is adequate for mild exposure condition, according to Appendix A of IS ; 456-1978 . (5. 6)DETERMINATION OF COARSE AND FINE AGGREGATE CONTENT APPROXIMATE AIR CONTENT TABLE (5. 6. 1 )ENTRAPPED AIR NOMINAL MAXIMUM SIZEOF AGGREGATE| ENTRAPPED AIR AS PERCENTAGEOF VOLUME OF CONCRETE| 10| 3. 0| 20| 2. 0| 40| 1. 0| From table 5. 6 for the specified maximum size of 20mm , the amount of entrapped air in the wet concrete is 2%. Taking this into account and applying equations from 3. 5. 1 of IS ; 10262 -1982 Calculation of aggregate contentWith the quantities of water and cement per unit volume of concentric and the ratio of fine to total aggregate already determined, the total aggregate content per unit volume of concrete may be calculated from the following equations;V = [W + C/Sc + 1/ p . a/Sta ] x [1/1000], and V = [W + C/Sc + 1/(1-p) . Ca / Sca ] x [1/1000]Where,V= absolute volume of fresh concrete, which is equal to gross volume (m3) minus the volume of entrapped air. W= mass of water (kg) per m3 of concrete,Sc= specific gravity of cement,P= ratio of fine aggregate to total aggregate by absolute volume,fa ,Ca= total mass of the fine aggregate and coarse aggregate (kg) per m3 of co ncrete respectively, and Sfa , Sca = specific gravities of saturated surface dry fine aggregate and coarse aggregate respectively. Therefore, For fine aggregate ;- 0. 98 = [191. 58 + (383. 16/2. 608)+(1/0. 315) x (f a / 2. 59) ] x (1/1000) f a = 525. 82 For coarse aggregate ;- 0. 98 = [ 191. 58 + (383. 16/2. 608) + (1/(1-0. 315) x (Ca / 2. 83)] x (1/1000) Ca = 1139. 43 kg/m3 The mix proportions then becomes; TABLE (5. 6. 2) MIX DESIGN VOLUMES Volume of cube= 15 x 15 x 15 =3375cm3 Volume of cylinder= ? x 7. 52 x 30 =5301. 44cm3 Total volume= 8676. 44cm3 Add 10% extra volume = 9544. 084 Volume of concrete = (1 / 2. 602) + (1. 372 / 2. 59) + (2. 97 / 2. 6) + (0. 5 / 1) = 2. 529 Weight of cement = (1 / V) x volume = (1 / 2. 529) x 9544. 084) = 3. 77kg Weight of fine aggregate = 1. 372 x 3773. 85 = 5. 177 kg Weight of coarse aggregate = 2. 97 x 3773. 85 = 11. 208 kg Required amount of water = 0. 5 x 3773. 85 = 1886. 92 litre FOR TWO SPECIMEN Weight of cement = 7. 547 kg Weight of fine a ggregate = 10. 355 kg Weight of coarse aggregate= 22. 41 kg Required water= 3-77 litre (5. 7)MIX PROPORTIONS: Five concrete mixes with stone dust were produced, replacing 0%(reference mixture ), 5%,10%,15%,and 20%,Cement, in terms of weight. The concrete mix proportion for M20 grade was designed in accordance with I. S. code. QUANTITY OF MARBLE POWDER; 5% of cement replaced by marble powder = 377. 38gm 10% of marble powder = 754. 7 gm 15% of marble powder = 1. 13 kg 20 %of marble powder = 1. 5094 kg Chapter – 6; Experimental procedure: Compressive strength of concrete was undertaken on 15 x15x15cm specimens. at 7 days and 28 days of age. Regarding splitting tensile strength, cylinders with 30 cm of height and 15 cm of diameter were casted and tested at 28 days of age. All specimens were removed 48 hours after casting, and then transferred to regular conditions (interior of the laboratory ) till testing. (6. 1) TEST FOR COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE PROCEDURE 1. Cast the cube of size 150*150*150mm3 and specimen from the mould is placed in water tank at a temperature of 27+2 degree Celsius till the date of test. 2. Place the concrete cube on the testing machine in between the 2 plunger of the compressive testing machine. . Apply uniform continuous load at that rate of 14N/mm2. 4. Increase the load until the specimen splitter records maximum load required to split the cube. 5. Remove the load and take off the broken cube between the plunger. (6. 2) TEST FOR TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE PROCEDURE 1. Cast the cylinder of size150*300mm2 from the mix and cure for 28 days. 2. Test the specimen immediately after removing f rom water. 3. Diameter and length of the specimen shall be cantered along the centre of the plate. 4. Place the specimen on plywood strip aligned at the centre. 5. Place the second plywood strip length wise at the top of the cylinder. 6. Apply the load without shock and increase the load continuously at the rate of 1. 4 N/mm2 2. 1N/mm2. Figure (6. 1) CASTED CUBE AND CYLINDER Chapter – 7 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH Table (7. 1. 1)COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 7 DAYS | 1| 2| Average| Compressive strength ( MPa)| 0%| 380| 340| 360| 16| 5%| 355| 405| 380| 16. 88| 10%| 390| 430| 410| 18. 22| 15%| 275| 325| 300| 13. 33| 20%| 290| 270| 280| 12. 44| Table (7. 1. 2)COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 28 DAYS %| 1| 2| average| Compressive strength(MPa)| %| 535| 565| 550| 24. 40| 5%| 580| 620| 600| 26. 67| 10 %| 675| 645| 660| 29. 33| 15%| 470| 435| 452. 5| 20. 11| 20%| 420| 440| 420| 18. 67| Figure (7. 1. 1) GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; From this graph compressive strength of concrete increases up to 10% replacement of cement with marble powder. There after compressive strength decreases. (7. 3)TENSILE STRENGTH; Table (7. 3. 1)TE NSILE STRENGTH7 DAYS % marble powder| Specimen 1 tensile load| Specimen 2 tensile load| Mean| Tensile strength (MPa)| 0%| 111| 129| 120| 1. 69| %| 130| 136| 133| 1. 88| 10%| 125| 151| 138| 1. 95| 15%| 100| 128| 114| 1. 61| 20%| 108| 84| 96| 1. 35| Table (7. 3. 2)TENSILE STRENGTH28 DAYS % marble powder | Specimen 1, tensile load| Specimen 2, tensile load| Mean| Tensile strength (MPa)| 0%| 170| 178| 174| 2. 461| 5%| 182| 185| 183. 5| 2. 59| 10%| 197| 201| 199| 2. 84| 15%| 165| 170| 167. 5| 2. 36| 20%| 141| 162| 151. 5| 2. 14| Figure (7. 3. 3)GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF TENSILE STRENGTH; From the graph tensile strength of concrete increases up to 10% replacement of cement with marble powder. There after tensile strength decreases. (7. 4) DISCUSSION: Compression Test: Mechanical behaviour of concrete cubes prepared without chemical admixtures was studied by compressive tests (Grade M20and curing time of 7 days and 28 days. It can be noticed that 5% replacement of cement with marble dust in mild condition and 10% replacement of cement with marble dust in mild condition, are showing increase in compressive strength. Tensile Strength test; Mechanical behaviour of cylindrical specimens prepared without chemical admixtures was studied by tensile strength test. Grade M20),curing times of 7 days and 28 days and the results obtained are reported. It is noticed that 5% replacement of cement with marble dust in mild condition and 10% replacement of cement with marble dust in severe conditions, are showing increase in tensile strength. Chapter – 8; COMPARISON WITH IS CODE Table (8. 1)Physical requirements as per IS 2185 ( part 1) – 1979 TYPE| GRADE| DENSITY OF BLOCK(Kg / m3)| MINIMUM AVERAGE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF UNITS (N / mm2)| MINIMUM STRENGTH OF INDIVIDUAL UNITS(N / mm2)| HOLLOW (OPEN AND CLOSED CAVITY) LOAD BEARING UNITS| A(3. )| NOT LESS THAN 1500| 3. 5| 2. 8| | A(4. 5)| | 4. 5| 3. 6| | A(5. 5)| | 5. 5| 4. 4| | A(1. 0)| | 7. 0| 5. 6| | B(2. 0)| LESS THAN 1500 BUT NOT LESS THAN 1000| 2. 0| 1. 6| | B(3. 0)| | 3. 0| 2. 4| | B(5. 0)| | 5. 0| 1. 0| HOLLOW (OPEN AND CLOSED CAVITY) NON LOAD BEARING UNITS| C(1. 5)| LESS THAN 1500 BUT NOT LESS THAN 1000| 1. 5| 1. 2| SOLID LOAD BEARING UNIT| D(5. 0)| NOT LESS THAN 1800| 5. 0| 4. 0| | D(4. 0)| | 4. 0| 3. 2| The average compressive strength obtained in this test is greater than the average compressive strength as per IS 2185 (part 1) – 1979. Hence the partial replacement of cement with marble powder is very effective in solid load bearing unit. Chapter 9 CONCLUSIONS: From our experiment it is proved that marble dust is very effective in assuring very good cohesiveness of mortar and concrete. it is concluded that the marble dust can be used as a replacement material for cement ; and 10% replacement of marble dust gives an excellent result in strength aspect and quality aspect and it is better than the conventional concrete. The results showed that the substitution of 10% of the cement content by marble stone dust induced higher compressive strength, higher splitting tensile strength, and improvement of properties related to durability. Test results show that this industrial waste is capable of improving hardened concrete performance up to 10%, enhancing fresh concrete behaviour and can be used in plain concrete. Chapter 10 REFERENCES: BOOKS 1) M. S. SHETTY – CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY 2) N. KRISHNA RAJU DESIGN OF CONCRETE MIXES IS CODES 1) IS 456 2000 2) IS 456 1978 3) IS 2185 (PART1) 1979 SITES 1) http://www. engineeringcivil. com 2) http://www. elsevier. com

Free Essays on Poverty

The existence of poverty ensures that society’s â€Å"dirty work† will be done. Every society has such work: physically dirty or dangerous, temporary, dead-end and underpaid, undignified, and menial jobs. Society can fill these jobs by paying higher wages than for â€Å"clean† work, or it can force people who have no other choice to do the dirty work and at blow wages. In America, poverty functions to provide a low-wage labor pool that is willing or, rather, unable to be unwilling to perform dirty work at low cost. Indeed, this function of the poor is so important that in some Southern states, welfare payments have been cut off during the summer months when the poor are needed to work in the field. Moreover, much of the debate about the Negative Income Tax and family Assistance Plan has concerned their impact on the work incentive, by which is actually meant the incentive of the poor to do the needed dirty work if the wages there from are no larger than the income grant. Many economic activities that involve dirty work depend on the poor for their existence: restaurants, hospitals, parts of the garment industry, and â€Å"truck farming† among others, could not persist in their present form without the poor. In history during the great depression one key reason for the great crash of 1929 was that, the Harding-Coolidge-Hoover administrations followed laissez faire policies. They refused to â€Å"tamper† with income taxes, interest rates, or use economic regulation powers. This example supports the first functions of poverty. Because the poor are required to work at low wages, they subsidize a variety of economic activities that benefit the affluent. For example, domestics subsidize the upper-middle and upper classes, making life easier for their employers and freeing affluent women for a variety of professional, cultural, civic, and partying activities. Similarly, because the poor pay a higher proportion of their income in property and... Free Essays on Poverty Free Essays on Poverty â€Å"The war on poverty is not a struggle simply to support people, to make them dependent on the generosity of others,† was said in President Johnson’s State of the Union address on Jan. 8, 1964 (Johnson). Lyndon B. Johnson wanted to continue the unfinished work of President John F. Kennedy’s proposals on civil rights and taxes before his assassination on November 22, 1963 (Rulon). The War on Poverty was to break the cycle of poverty that affected nearly 35 million Americans (Greenbaum). After the Vietnam War, the government had over spent for the war and was unable to compensate the soldiers. There were many programs developed to help the Americans who suffered from this war on poverty and to bring the employment rate back up. Welfare was a program developed in Chicago to help support the poor families, and funds were given to help improve Chicago schools. War on Poverty was a success on some counts; a lot had changed from the beginning. From the recent increases of America economy and social lives, one can tell that America had changed since the Vietnam War, riots, and racial issues. President Lyndon B. Johnson’s War on Poverty influenced many American lives. America had turned over since the Vietnam War, riots, and racial issues. President Lyndon B. Johnson’s War on Poverty influenced many American lives. What was the War on Poverty? A cycle of poverty that affected nearly 35 million Americans after the Vietnam War (Greenbaum). A name given by President Johnson which meant America had to strive for a rebuilding in the economy and social lives after the war. Johnson was next in line for presidency after John F. Kennedy was fatally shot. He pushed through Congress many laws designed to help the poor and to add to the economic security of other Americans. Many social programs was established from this depression stage. Programs included the Job Crops, furnished job training fo... Free Essays on Poverty The existence of poverty ensures that society’s â€Å"dirty work† will be done. Every society has such work: physically dirty or dangerous, temporary, dead-end and underpaid, undignified, and menial jobs. Society can fill these jobs by paying higher wages than for â€Å"clean† work, or it can force people who have no other choice to do the dirty work and at blow wages. In America, poverty functions to provide a low-wage labor pool that is willing or, rather, unable to be unwilling to perform dirty work at low cost. Indeed, this function of the poor is so important that in some Southern states, welfare payments have been cut off during the summer months when the poor are needed to work in the field. Moreover, much of the debate about the Negative Income Tax and family Assistance Plan has concerned their impact on the work incentive, by which is actually meant the incentive of the poor to do the needed dirty work if the wages there from are no larger than the income grant. Many economic activities that involve dirty work depend on the poor for their existence: restaurants, hospitals, parts of the garment industry, and â€Å"truck farming† among others, could not persist in their present form without the poor. In history during the great depression one key reason for the great crash of 1929 was that, the Harding-Coolidge-Hoover administrations followed laissez faire policies. They refused to â€Å"tamper† with income taxes, interest rates, or use economic regulation powers. This example supports the first functions of poverty. Because the poor are required to work at low wages, they subsidize a variety of economic activities that benefit the affluent. For example, domestics subsidize the upper-middle and upper classes, making life easier for their employers and freeing affluent women for a variety of professional, cultural, civic, and partying activities. Similarly, because the poor pay a higher proportion of their income in property and...

Insects and Other Arthropods That Make Galls

Insects and Other Arthropods That Make Galls Have you ever noticed unusual lumps, spheres, or masses on trees or other plants? These strange formations are called galls. Galls come in many sizes and shapes. Some galls look and feel like pompoms, while others are hard as rocks. Galls may occur on every part of plants, from the leaves to the roots. What Are Galls? Galls are abnormal growths of plant tissue trigger in response to an injury to or an irritation of the plant, usually (but not always) caused by some living organism. Nematodes, bacteria, fungi, and viruses can all cause the formation of galls on trees, shrubs, and other plants. Most galls, however, result from insect or mite activity. Gallmaking insects or mites initiate gall formation by feeding on a plant, or by laying eggs on plant tissues. The insects or mites interact with the plant during a period of rapid growth, such as when leaves are opening. Scientists believe that gallmakers secrete chemicals that regulate or stimulate plant growth. These secretions cause rapid cell multiplication in the affected area of the meristematic tissue. Galls can only form on growing tissue. Most gallmaking activity occurs in the spring or early summer. Galls serve several important purposes for the gallmaker. The developing insect or mite resides within the gall, where it is sheltered from the weather and from predators. The young insect or mite also feeds on the gall. Eventually, the mature insect or mite emerges from the gall. After the gallmaking insect or mite leaves, the gall remains behind on the host plant. Other insects, such as beetles or caterpillars, may move into the gall for shelter or to feed. Which Insects Make Galls? Insects that make galls include certain kinds of wasps, beetles, aphids, and flies. Other arthropods, like mites, can cause gall formations, too. Each gallmaker produces its own unique gall, and you can often tell which kind of insect made the gall by its shape, texture, size, and host plant. Psyllids  -  Some jumping plant lice, or psyllids, produce galls. If you find galls on hackberry leaves, theres a good chance it was caused by a psyllid. They feed in spring, triggering the formation of two well-known leaf galls: hackberry nipple galls, and hackberry blister galls.Gallmaking aphids  -  Aphids  belonging to the subfamily Eriosomatinae cause gall formations on the stems and petioles of certain trees, most notably cottonwood and poplar. Aphid galls vary in shape, from a cockscomb-shaped growth on elm leaves to a cone-shaped gall that forms on witch hazel.Gallmaking adelgids  -  Gallmaking adelgids target conifers, for the most part. One common species,  Adelges abietis, causes pineapple-shaped galls on Norway and white spruce twigs, as well as on Douglas fir. Another, the Cooley spruce gall adelgid, makes galls that look like cones on Colorado blue spruce and white spruce.Phylloxerans  -  Phylloxerans (family Phylloxeridae), though tiny, do their sha re of gallmaking, too. The most notorious of the group is the grape phylloxera, which produces galls on both the roots and leaves of grape plants. In 1860, this North American insect was accidentally introduced into France, where it nearly destroyed the wine industry. French vineyards had to graft their grape vines onto phylloxera-resistant rootstock from the U.S. to save their industry. Gall wasps  -  Gall wasps, or cynipid wasps, comprise the largest group of gallmaking insects, with over 1,000 species known globally. Cynipid wasps produce most of the galls on oak trees and plants within the rose family. Some gall wasps oviposit in galls created by other species, rather than induce the growth of their own. Cynipid wasps sometimes develop within galls that have fallen from the host plant.  Jumping oak galls  are so named because they roll and bounce around the forest floor as the larva inside moves.Gall midges  -  Gall midges or gall gnats make up the second largest group of gallmaking insects. These true flies belong to the family Cecidomyiidae, and are quite tiny, measuring 1-5 mm in length. The maggots, which develop within the gall, come in strangely bright colors like orange and pink. Midge galls form on various parts of plants, from the leaves to the roots. Common galls formed by gall midges include the pinecone willow gall and the maple leaf spot. Gall flies  -  Some genera of fruit flies produce stem galls.  Eurosta  gall flies develop and overwinter within goldenrod galls. Some  Urophora  gall flies were introduced into North America from their native Europe, as biocontrols for invasive plants like knapweed and bull thistle. Gallmaking sawflies  -  Sawflies produce some unusual galls, most commonly on willows and poplars. The leaf galls induced by  Phyllocolpa  sawflies look like someone crimped or folded the leaves. The sawfly larva feeds within the crinkled leaf.  Pontania  sawflies produce strange, globular galls that protrude through both sides of a willow leaf. Some  Euura  sawflies cause petiole swelling in willows.Gallmaking moths  -  A few moths make galls, too. Some micromoths in the genus  Gnorimoschema  induce stem galls in goldenrod, where the larvae pupate. The midrib gall moth produces an odd leaf formation in buckthorn. The center of the leaf is rolled tight, with the sides joining to form a pouch in which the larva resides.Beetles and weevils  -  A handful of metallic wood-boring beetles (Buprestridae) are known to produce galls in their host plants.  Agrilus ruficollis  induces galls in blackberries.  Ruficollis  translates to redneck, a specific name that refers to this insects red  pronotum. Another species,  Agrilus champlaini, creates galls in Ironwood. Long-horned beetles of the genus  Saperda  also produce galls, in stems and twigs of alder, hawthorn, and poplar. A few weevils also cause swellings in their host plants tissues.  Podapion gallicola, for example, causes galls in pine twigs. Gall mites  -  Gall mites of the family Eriophyidae produce unusual galls on leaves and flowers. The mites begin feeding on their host plants just as buds are opening in the spring. Eriophyid galls may form as finger-like projections or warty bumps on leaves. Some gall mites produce a velvety discoloration of the leaves. Will Galls Damage My Plants? Insect enthusiasts and naturalists probably find insect galls interesting or even beautiful. Gardeners and landscapers, though, may be less enthused to discover insect galls on trees and shrubs and may be concerned about insect gall damage. Fortunately, with few exceptions, insects galls do not damage trees and shrubs. While they may look unsightly, particularly on specimen trees, most healthy, well-established trees and shrubs will be unaffected by galls in the long run. Heavy gall formations may slow growth. Because the negative impact of galls on plants is largely aesthetic, control measures for galls or  gallmaking insects  are rarely warranted. Leaf galls will fall off, either with the leaves themselves or from the leaves once the insect or mite has emerged. Galls on twigs and branches can be pruned out. A gall that has already formed cannot be treated or sprayed to eliminate it. The gall is part of the plant itself. Gallmaking insects, it should be noted, will attract their own biological controls in the form of  parasitoids  and predators. If your landscape is riddled with galls this year, give it time. Nature will restore the balance in your ecosystem.

Ethical dilemmas permeate the criminal justice system. (The Parole Research Paper

Ethical dilemmas permeate the criminal justice system. (The Parole Board, The Warden, The District Attorney, The Officer) - Research Paper Example Thus, Robert should endeavour to maintain the high standards set for a state prison. In the same way, Robert’s jurisdiction is not only limited to the physical welfare of the prisoners. He must also see to it that the objective of incarceration of the prisoners, that is, not just to punish them for their malfeasance and/or misfeasance, but more so, to reform them so as to make them more productive individuals after their release. The issue on overcrowded prison cells already exists. The potential risk of being sued for violation of human rights, among others, cannot be denied. The families of the concerned inmates or even the concerned citizens may sue the state anytime, and the grounds therefore are glaring. This may only be one issue; however, the possibility of using it against the present administration is a big possibility. It may therefore ripen into a national or international issue. On the other hand, premature release of prisoners will surely expose the public from danger. If the inmates will be released sooner than they should be, the process of reformation may not be complete. Hence, the inclination to do evil is not yet totally cleansed from the prisoners. The period within which the each prisoner would undergo in order to realize his mistakes and its consequences is not yet attained. Therefore, there will be no assurance that upon release of these prisoners, they could easily live normally with other people, without the public being exposed to possible risks of becoming victims, once again, by the former lawless elements. I believe that Robert should not suggest the release of inmates to community-based supervision. Rather, Robert should suggest that additional prison cells be constructed so as to solve the problem on overcrowding. If he will do the former, Robert will be relieved of some of his duties but ultimately, he shall be morally responsible for its consequences. Robert should apply the â€Å"act utilitarian ethical theory†. This means that his decision must be based on the greatest benefit to the most number of people, without regard to the personal feelings or societal pressures. According to this theory, â€Å"an individual’s rights may be infringed in order to benefit a greater population.† (Rainbow, Catherine. â€Å"Descriptions of Ethical Theories and Principles â€Å". Davidson College. n.d. Web. 05 May 2012. http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/kabernd/indep/carainbow/Theories.htm) This act utilitarian ethical theory takes into account the total value of the effects of a particular act, the one which is more important. The act that yields to the common good or benefit is considered the perfect ethical choice. If the overall benefits from an act is greater than the total damage, if any, the decision made is definitely morally acceptable. In this scenario, premature release of prisoners to community- based supervision is favourable to the inmates only. They will be freed from living in highly-congested prison cells where they are exposed to acquired illnesses, uncomfortable manner of sleep, etc. Yes, there is the possibility of them becoming â€Å"normal† persons in the civil society if given the chance. However, since their term of imprisonment is not yet through, the former being based on the kind of crime committed, the likelihood that they have not yet fully realized the consequences of their acts and its effects to the community might expose the public to a possible repetition of the criminal acts previously committed. These possibilities, no matter how remote, cannot totally be ignored. Robert should instill in his mind that prisoners were being imprisoned because of commission of a crime. They need

The exhibition as a process and as a product Case Study

The exhibition as a process and as a product - Case Study Example of the team into a multi-disciplinary exhibition research team is that; it is through broad research into exhibition themes and subjects, that it can be possible to design an exhibition theme that will be relevant, yet attractive to a broad audience (Morris, 2002:8). Thus, through the different research areas that the sub-groups of the team engaged in analyzing, it eventually became possible to emerge with the theme of displaying how and why image has been controlled through time. Further, the operation of the team as a research group was further reinforced by the ability of the team to work together in harmony, a factor that was a major source of strength for the process. Teamwork is an essential component for achieving success in different projects, and most especially in projects that entail combination of different individual strengths (Bedno, 1999:42). The process of preparing for an exhibition highly depends on the multiple strengths of different members of a team, considering that there are different roles that need to be played in the process, such as planning, designing, interpreting, curate and educating the audience (Downey, 2002:44). All these different roles highly depended on the different strengths of the team members, considering that some team members were highly competent in researching and developing content, while others were good at designing and planning, and still others played the role of educating the audience very well. This combination eventually produced a very competent team, considering that specialization is an effective strategy in the process of division of labor, which allows individuals to concentrate and specialize on the areas that they are highly competent and proficient (Kamien, 2002:127). Through this specialization and division of labor, the work process was effectively broken down into categories of tasks, and the competent individuals in such areas were offered the responsibilities. Thus, specialization and division of

Kant Moral Law Theory Essay Example for Free

Kant Moral Law Theory Essay â€Å"Two things fill the mind with ever new and increasing admiration and awe the oftener and more steadily we reflect on them: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.† – Kant (1788), pp, 193, 259 Immanuel Kant introduced and initiated his ‘moral law theory’ in the late 18th century. The doctrine in question sought to establish and constitute a supreme or absolute principle of morality. Kant disputes the existence of an ‘ethical system’, whereby moral obligations are obligations of ‘purpose’ or ‘reason’. The accuracy of actions [i.e. the rightness or wrongness of an individual deed] is determined by its configuration and conformity with regard to ‘moral law’. Evidently, according to Kant, an immoral transaction is invariably contemplated as an illogical or unreasonable occurrence or action. The supreme moral principle is a consistent working criterion that proves to be practically helpful and theoretically enlightening when used by rational agents as a guide for making personal choices (Kant VI). A supreme guiding moral principle must carry with it an absolute necessity and be done out of duty to the moral law in order to be free from corruption. Kant believed in a fair and impartial law. He accredited and affirmed the presence of an objective moral law that we, as humans, were/are able to identify with through the process of reasoning. Kant argued that we are able to recognise and distinguish moral law, without making reference to the possible consequence or outcome. Immanuel Kant declared a differentiation between statements [i.e. posteriori and priori] that he believed to coincide with moral law. A posteriori statement is one that is based on experience of the material world. In opposition, a priori statement requires no such knowledge; it is known independent of the phenomenal world. Furthermore, Kant continued to make additional distinctions with regard to analytic and synthetic statements. An analytic statement, he claims, is one that by its very nature is necessarily true, as the predicate is included within the definition of the subject. Example: – [â€Å"all squares have four sides†]. The previous statement is of an analytic nature, as the predicate, i.e. the square having four sides, is implicit and is part of the definition of the subject – [â€Å"square†]. An analytic statement is necessarily true – true by its own authority, and is purely explicative, as it tells us nothing new about the subject. In contrast, a synthetic statement is one in which the predicate is not included in the definition of the subject, and thus is not necessarily true. A synthetic statement also tells us something new about the subject. Prior to Kant, it was widely accepted that there were only two types of statement: a priori analytic and a posteriori synthetic. Kant accepted these two statements although believed there to be a third: a priori synthetic statement. These are statements that are known independent of experience that may or may not be true. Kant claimed that these priori synthetic principles are inherent within us and therefore subsequently form the basis of all moral decision making. Kant’s theory is based on and is primarily concerned with the aspect of ‘duty’. Kant believed and promoted the notion that to act morally is one’s ‘duty’, and one’s ‘duty’ is to act and proceed in accordance to the principles of moral law. Due to this, Kant’s theory is categorised and distinguished as a ‘deontological argument’. A deontological theory is one that maintains the moral rightness or wrongness of an action and depends on its fundamental qualities, and is independent of the nature of its consequence – â€Å"Duty for duty’s sake†. This perspective can be viewed in contrast to the beliefs and ‘rules’ associated and belonging to teleological arguments, i.e. utilitarianism. Immanuel Kant argued that moral requirements are based on a standard of rationality he dubbed the â€Å"Categorical Imperative. The categorical imperative has derived from the initial belief and notion that humans base their moral judgment on pure reason alone. This view can be viewed in contrast to a ‘morality theory’, which assumed/s that human’s actions are guided by emotions or desires. Example: When deciding what I ought to say to a friend who is distraught. Rationale would dictate that I give sensible advice, whereas my emotions may impulsively tell me to give comfort and sympathy. The categorical imperative declares and differentiates between obligatory and forbidden actions, and places further emphasis on the notion of ‘duty’. This statement can be strengthened through the following quotation – [â€Å"All in imperatives command either hypothetically or categorically†¦ If the action would be good simply as a means to something else, then the imperative is hypothetical; but if the action is represented as a good in itself†¦ then the imperative is categorical.†]. Example: If someone tells me that they will buy me dinner if I give them a lift into town, then this is a conditional action and would fall into the hypothetical imperative category. Conversely, if I think that I should give my friend a lift into town with no other agenda (i.e. she will not buy me dinner because of it), then this is a categorical imperative because it is independent of my interest and could apply to other people as well as myself. There are three principles of the categorical imperative: * Universal law; * Treat humans as ends in themselves; * Act as if you live in a kingdom of ends. 1. The categorical imperative is [â€Å"Do not act on any principle that cannot be universalised†]. In other words, moral laws must be applied in all situations and all rational beings universally, without exception. 2. [â€Å"Act that you treat humanity, both in your own person and in the person of every other human being, never merely as a means, but always at the time as an end.†] – The previous statement declares that we must never treat people as means to an end. You can never use human beings for another purpose, to exploit or enslave them. Humans are rational and the highest point of creation, and so demand unique treatment. 3. The quotation [â€Å"So act as if you were through your maxim a law-making member of a Kingdom of ends†] states Kant’s belief in the fact that humans should behave as though every other individual was an ‘end’. In conclusion, it is arguable that the categorical imperative possesses a sense of authority with regard to what actions are permitted and forbidden under Kant’s moral law theory.

Coleridge: Early Visions :: Richard Holmes Biography Essays

Coleridge: Early Visions Richard Holmes' intent in his biography on Coleridge is apparent from the opening pages. In fact, even his title implies his purpose of showing Coleridge as a visionary hero. In his preface Holmes clearly spells out his plan for achieving this purpose. He explains that much of the previous work done on Coleridge has focused on the more negative aspects of his life--his "opium addiction, his plagiarisms, his fecklessness in marriage, his political 'apostasy', his sexual fantasies, [and] his radiations of mystic humbug" (xv). Holmes sets out to write a different type of biography; his attempt examines Coleridge's "entire life in a broad and sympathetic manner" and reconciles his faults with the "extraordinary man" and the "extraordinary mind" (xv). In the process he hopes to show that Coleridge's visionary genius alone makes him "worth rediscovering" (xv). In this first volume of a planned two part biography, Holmes traces Coleridge's life up to the year 1804. Throughout his work he co nsistently emphasizes the spirit, energy, and unrelenting power of imagination that made Coleridge unique. He examines the highs and lows of his life and leaves his reader with both a vivid image of Coleridge, the man, and a number of questions and possibilities to ponder. Holmes' structure and style are essential to his success at bringing Coleridge alive for his reader. His biography follows a traditional narrative structure, and his language is direct and unpretentious. This style brings a novelistic quality to the biography; it reads quickly and enjoyably. Holmes encourages his reader to forget all that he has heard about Coleridge in the past and discover him again as a fresh character in Holmes' story. Holmes moves quickly through the early part of Coleridge's life, stopping along the way to focus on specific instances which exemplify Coleridge's early intellectual and imaginative powers or which later influence aspects of his life or literary work. Holmes discusses Coleridge's enormous appetite for reading and the early age at which it began; he focuses on a specific night Coleridge nearly froze to death along the River Otter; and he examines the emotional and practical consequences of the death of Coleridge's father. Holmes repeatedly returns t o these moments throughout the biography as they become relevant. In chapter four, with his discussion of Coleridge's friendship with Robert Southey and their plans for their utopian Pantisocratcy, Holmes makes a transition from Coleridge's youth to his adult literary life.

Krispy Kreme – Analysis

But also, they must have a solid consumer base In the United States and In Canada. They should focus on having franchisees on Southeast Asia, where people patronize products from the West. Some examples of these countries are Japan, Taiwan, China and the Philippines. Crispy Creme could put up franchise stores internationally from 30-50 locations on the next year. They should not be in a hurry and every decision must be well-studied, especially now that they are facing some financial setbacks and faculties.If Crispy Creme decide to put up more stores in Europe, it will be hard for them to penetrate fully the market. As we all know, Europeans are traditional when it comes to their food. They still prefer eggs and bacon for their breakfast, unlike the Americans who can eat doughnuts during the mornings. To lessen the cost of stabling the company In Europe continent, they might as well put up a factory of Crispy Creme there In order for them to save on transporting doughnut mixes and equ ipments from united States to Europe.If there is a factory in a European country, then it will be easier to transport the ingredients from another country in Europe. Crispy Seeker's number-one competitor is Dunking' Donuts. Here in the Philippines, Dunking' Donuts is tagged as the â€Å"Absolving Eng Banyan†. It has its own impact in the Filipino masses. One of their major strengths as a competitor is its name recognition and market saturation. Also, its advertisement has a recall to the public. It is true that Crispy Creme is Just starting as an international player but it could learn some points room Dunking' Donuts.The major problem In Crispy Seeker's current strategy Is that the Individual factory stores do not have different approaches to marketing even though they are located In very different areas. What Crispy Creme should do Is to study the geographical area where they will put up a store and adapt Its environment. Secondly, people patronize Dunk Donuts Decease teeny nave aquanauts Walt â€Å"better† nutritional value, I. E. , are lower in calories, fat and sugar. Why not, Crispy Creme adapts the same kind of strategy. They should develop new flavors that are owe or have zero-calories.This is because nowadays people are so health-conscious and sees to it that they do not intake too much calories and too much sweets. Crispy Seeker's doughnut products do not appeal to health/weight/nutrition/low-Carr conscious consumers. They must work on that. They could introduce a sugar-free doughnut and perhaps a reduced-Carr doughnut that will be seen by customers as an acceptable and tasty product-?thus helping revive demand and sales volume. Internationally, Crispy Creme must plan to follow Cataracts, Coca-Cola and McDonald's.These companies rely on the uniqueness of the American cultural experience to sell its product. They enriched their companies' histories in their own locations: Cataracts in Seattle, Coca-Cola in Atlanta and McDonald's in Calif ornia. Crispy Creme could use its history in North Carolina to sell its products. Uniquely, they are also arousing the people's curiosity with their mint-theaters inside their stores. I must admit, I bought my first Crispy Creme Doughnuts out of curiosity when I saw their store in Mall of Asia.Another way to discover what the customers want would be to apply a system hat would allow customers to take monthly surveys in exchange for perks and freebies. Crispy Creme would not only get what the customers desired but this strategy would create customer loyalty. The customers may feel that their voices and suggestions and comments are appreciated by the company. Crispy Creme Doughnuts has long been relying on free media publicity through word-of-mouth. They don't appear to have put much effort into marketing their product. The company spent very little on advertising, depending largely on word of mouth, and local publicity.Crispy Creme should engage on a public outreach campaign, in whic h they act as sponsors for local community events. For example, the company could sponsor a local awareness program for diseases, disabilities etc. Freebies and stuff with the Crispy Creme logo could be handed out to those taking part in the event. This could be a way for the company to touch the Filipino masses and not maintain its image as for the rich people only. These strategies may help the company along with a very good management and seriously and carefully planning before decisions are made.

Educational Failure Essay

â€Å"Every year, over 1. 2 million students drop out of high school in the United States alone. That’s a student every 26 seconds – or 7,000 a day† (Thornbergh). Why this happening and more importantly, what is being done to solve this problem? Because of boring classes, too much freedom, and just a lack of motivation, students nationwide are dropping out of school, and are starting on the path of minimum wage and regret. Schools are trying to resolve this issue by giving the support students the help they need, and giving them alternatives to traditional schooling. †¦nearly 1 out of 3 public high school students won’t graduate†(Thornbergh). That’s one third of today’s youths. That’s one out of three people that won’t go to college. That’s one of three people that won’t know the rewarding feeling of getting a diploma. But what’s wrong with this one third that isn’t wrong with the other two thirds? Some say it’s because if society, others say it’s because of schools. Really only half of the problem lies with schools. There are only a small percentage of dropouts that feel that they could never meet the criteria that the school demanded. Unfortunately, many students are not given the extra support they need to make a successful transition to high school and are lost in ninth grade†(Galesic 317). Most others aren’t engaged in school. â€Å"Boredom and disengagement are two key reasons students stop attending class and wind up dropping out of school†(Furger). â€Å"Fully 88% said they had passing grades in high school. When asked to name the reasons they had left school, more respondents named boredom than struggles with course work†(Thornbergh). With this combination, schools become what many students feel to be a waste of time. When schools get this reputation, they become what is known as dropout factories. â€Å"Approximately two thousand high schools (about 12 percent), known as the nation’ lowest performing high schools, produce nearly half of the nation‘s dropouts. In these schools, the number of seniors enrolled is routinely 60 percent or less than the number of freshmen three years earlier† (Galesic 314). Although schools have some blame for the problem at hand, the other half of the problem has origins that the schools can’t control, and that is society and family. Students don’t only have to deal with their school work, but also their peers and life at home. This can be stressful time for students, and, because of this stress, students’ grades may suffer. Even though a student’s grades are low, their parents might not know, or even care. Many parents just don’t pay any attention to their child’s grades. The shocking thing is that only fifty-one percent of parents somewhat knew that their child had low grades; the other percentages range anywhere from kind of knowing to almost not knowing at all. Even though dropping out doesn’t sound too bad, a person is branding themselves a quitter. Once a person drops out, there’s no going back. Sure, a person could get a GED, but, that still doesn’t hold the same weight as a diploma. Dropping out of schools will affect a person their entire life. â€Å"Even a GED is not sufficient for a job here anymore (Thornbergh). † There is no replacement for a diploma. The path of minimum wage and unemployment starts with dropping out. Only forty five percent of High school dropouts are able to find employment. Compared to the sixty eight percent that graduated, that’s a very low number in today’s economic state. Even if a drop out can be that forty five present that is employed, their annual earnings ($8,358) are only little more than half the earning of a High school Graduate ($14,601)(Sum, Ishwar, McLaughlin). Dropping out does not only affect the person who dropped out but also everyone around them. In today’s world, the efforts one person really affects everything around them. People often say, do as your told ;not as they do. That seems easy right? Well, when it comes to drop out, that’s not the case. Students are more likely to drop out if their parents did. When they drop out, their children are also more likely to drop out; leading through a vicious cycle of drop outs. Family isn’t the only thing affected by drop outs (Bridgeland, DiIulio, Morison). Over their working lives, the average high school dropout will have a negative net fiscal contribution to society of nearly -$5,200 while the average high school graduate generates a positive lifetime net fiscal contribution of $287,000. The average high school dropout will cost taxpayers over $292,000 in lower tax revenues, higher cash and in-kind transfer costs, and imposed incarceration costs relative to an average high school graduate. Adult dropouts in the U. S. in recent years have been a major fiscal burden to the rest of society. Given the current and projected deficits of the federal government, the fiscal burden of supporting dropouts and their families is no longer sustainable. ;(Sum, Ishwar, McLaughlin) Supporting dropouts and their families in no longer doable. So, what is actually being done to help students succeed in school and ultimately success in life? One solution that can has come into play in resent years in is alternative to traditional education such as viral schools and credits labs. They consist of virtual schools and programs that help students get back on track to graduating. With these They offer the help and support students need with out the social problems that traditional classes have such as labels, race, and learning disabilities. In doing so, theses alternatives are also adjusting learning to a more personal level. Education no longer has to be for the whole, but only for the small part that is the individual student. â€Å"Districts throughout the country are working to personalize learning by creating small schools or reorganizing large schools into small learning communities, as part of their strategy for reducing the dropout rate†(Furger). These individual students can now get more help and understanding then they would ever get in a traditional class room. Another Solution to this epidemic is stricter rules for schooling. Schools are not only making it harder to drop out, but also, raising the academic bar for students. Some students just quit because its acceptable , while others quit just because they’re board in schools. It would be no long acceptable to just quit if there are stricter penalties, right? Some states are making it so students can’t quit at an easily age. â€Å"Students who drop out before age 18 could have their driver’s license suspended or their work permit revoked unless their decision was first approved by a school or judge†(Thornbergh). But the problem doesn’t only lie with it just being acceptable, but also boredom. â€Å"Higher expectations and more challenging curriculum, coupled with the support students need to be successful, have proven to be an effective strategy not only for increasing graduation rates, but also for preparing students to graduate from high school with options†(Furger). The last and most research backed cure for this epidemic is early education. â€Å"Every month, new studies in neuroscience and psychology provide insights and warnings about how much of a person’s capacity for learning is shaped from birth to age 8. Young children need to experience rich language interactions with teachers, parents, and other adults who read to them, ask questions of them, and encourage their exploration of myriad subjects†(Guernsey Mead). Many students quit school because they are failing. â€Å"Preschool, they argue, is an early investment in youth that yields significant economic results later on. In their review of the research on preschool models in California and elsewhere, the authors found that one preschool program increased high school graduation rates by 11 percent, and another by 19 percent. Furger) â€Å"We need a much broader and deeper transformation of the educational system that starts, if parents choose, when children are as young as three years old and continues through the first few grades of elementary school. Early childhood does not stop at kindergarten; it extends through age eight, because children are still learning foundational skills in literacy, numeracy, social competence, and problem solving, they are more likely to retain them. (Guernsey, Mead) Because of boring classes, too much freedom, and just a lack of motivation, students nationwide are dropping out of school, and staring on the path of minimum wage and regret. Schools are trying to resolve this by giving the support students need and giving them alternatives to traditional schooling. In the time it took to read this, at least one student has dropped out. This needs to stop. Make a difference in one student’s life by helping the cause of helping students stay in school.

How to Treat Postpositive Adjectives

How to Treat Postpositive Adjectives How to Treat Postpositive Adjectives How to Treat Postpositive Adjectives By Mark Nichol Nearly a thousand years ago, the Norman Conquest had a profound effect not only on the English nation but also on the English language. One of the manifestations of this event is the survival of the postpositive adjective. In many languages, including French, a modifying word follows the word it modifies, such as in the phrase ressource naturelle (â€Å"natural resources†). Because of Norman French’s influence on law, politics, and other matters sovereign, we still sometimes use this form in the mongrel melange that is the English language. Thus â€Å"attorney general† (as well as â€Å"secretary general† and â€Å"postmaster general†), which refers not to a military rank but to the office holder’s generic scope of responsibility. Thus court-martial, which literally pertains to a court of a martial, or warlike, nature but practically applies to a military court in wartime or peacetime. Thus â€Å"heir apparent† and knight-errant, artifacts of feudal system. (Note that compound form is inconsistent: Open compounds prevail, but some hyphenated forms persist. When in doubt, look the term up. If certain, look the term up anyway.) This form reaches even into the quotidian vocabulary of business, with â€Å"accounts payable† and â€Å"accounts receivable,† as well as â€Å"notary public,† and in terms that apply to government but have entered general use, such as â€Å"body politic.† There’s even a pair of ordinary words that sometimes take postpositive adjectives in some contexts; I used one earlier in this post, in the phrase â€Å"matters sovereign.† Another is things, as in â€Å"things unsaid.† And how are such terms pluralized? Generally as shown in the first two examples in the paragraph above the noun, not the adjective, logically takes the plural form: for example, â€Å"attorneys general† (but attorney-generals in British English), courts-martial, and â€Å"notaries public.† The same is true of mother-in-law and like terms, the plural form of which is rendered mothers-in-law, and similar constructions such as â€Å"editor in chief† (sometimes hyphenated, though that style is outmoded), right-of-way, and sergeant-at-arms (pluralized as â€Å"editors in chief,† rights-of-way, and sergeants-at-arms, respectively). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Does "Mr" Take a Period?Writing Styles (with Examples)

3 Reasons Why The Handmaid’s Tale Remains Relevant

3 Reasons Why 'The Handmaid’s Tale' Remains Relevant The Handmaid’s Tale is the second dystopian work of speculative fiction - after George Orwell’s 1984 - to suddenly appear on top of the bestseller lists years after its release. The renewed interest in Margaret Atwood’s classic story of a post-apocalyptic America dominated by a puritanical religious sect that reduces most women to subjugated breeder status stems from both the current political atmosphere in the United States and the adaptation airing on Hulu starring Elizabeth Moss, Alexis Bledel, and Joseph Fiennes. What’s interesting about The Handmaid’s Tale is how many people assume it’s much older than it actually is. The book was originally published in 1985, and while that’s 32 years ago many people are surprised it wasn’t penned in the 1950s or 1960s; blame this on our tendency to believe that the present and very recent past are fairly enlightened. People assume the book was written during what some see as the final gasp of patriarchy- before birth control and the women’s liberation movement started the slow, agonizing process of pursuing equality for women and raising consciousness around the world. On the other hand, a book written three decades ago still resonates with a particular power. Hulu didnt adapt The Handmaid’s Tale as a revered classic kept behind glass, but rather as a pulsing, living work of literature that speaks to modern-day America. Not many books can retain that kind of power for thirty years, and The Handmaid’s Tale remains a powerfully current story- for three distinct reasons that go beyond politics. Margaret Atwood Just Updated It One aspect of The Handmaid’s Tale that is often overlooked is the author’s dedication to the story. When the author herself regards the story as a living, breathing work and continued to discuss and develop the ideas within it, the story retains some of the immediacy that surrounded it upon publication. In fact, Atwood has actually just expanded the story. As part of the launch of the updated audio version of the novel on Audible (recorded by Claire Danes in 2012, but with a completely new sound design) Atwood wrote both an afterward discussing the book and its legacy, but also new material that extends the story. The book famously ends with the line â€Å"Are there any questions?† The new material comes in the form of an interview with Professor Piexoto, which is the sort of thing fans dream about. The material is performed by a full cast in the Audible version, giving it a rich, realistic feel. It’s also a little mind-bending, since the ending of the novel makes it clear that the good professor is discussing Offred’s story far in the future, long after Gilead has disappeared, based on audio recordings she left behind, which Atwood herself has noted makes the Audible version appropriate. It’s Not Really Science Fiction ... or Fiction First of all, we should note that Atwood dislikes the term â€Å"science fiction† when applied to her work, and prefers â€Å"speculative fiction.† It might seem like a subtle point, but it makes sense. The Handmaid’s Tale doesn’t actually involve any weird science or anything implausible. A revolution establishes a Theocratic dictatorship that severely limits all human rights (and especially those of women, who are even forbidden to read) while ecological factors reduce the fertility of the human race significantly, resulting in the creation of Handmaids, fertile women who are used for breeding. None of that is particularly sci-fi. Secondly, Atwood has stated that nothing in the book is made-up- in fact, she’s said there is â€Å"... nothing in the book that didn’t happen, somewhere.† That’s part of the chilling power of The Handmaid’s Tale. All you need to do is check out some of the darker areas of the Internet, or even some of the legislative bodies around the country, to see that male attitudes towards women haven’t changed nearly as much as we might like. When the Vice President of the United States won’t have dinner alone with a woman who isn’t his wife, it’s not hard to imagine a world not so different from Atwood’s vision coming around... again. In fact, many seem to have forgotten the 1991 film adaptation of the book, with a script written by Harold Pinter and a cast featuring Natasha Richardson, Faye Dunaway, and Robert Duvall- a film that almost didn’t get made despite the power of those names because the project encountered â€Å"a wall of ignorance, hostility, and indifference,† according to journalist Sheldon Teitelbaum as reported in The Atlantic. He goes on to say that â€Å"Movie executives declined to back the project, stating ‛that a film for and about women †¦ would be lucky if it made it to video.’† Next time you wonder if The Handmaid’s Tale is so far-fetched, consider that statement. Theres a reason women in Texas recently dressed as Handmaids as a form of protest. The Book Is Constantly Under Attack You can often judge the power and influence of a novel by the number of attempts that are made to ban it- another ghostly echo when you consider that women in the novel are forbidden to read. The Handmaid’s Tale was the 37th most-challenged book of the 1990s, according to the American Library Association. As recently as 2015, parents in Oregon complained that the book contained sexually explicit scenes and was anti-Christian, and students were offered an alternative book to read (which is certainly better than an outright ban). The fact that The Handmaid’s Tale continues to be on the receiving end of these sorts of attempts is directly related to how powerful its ideas are. It’s a slippery slide from celebrating supposedly â€Å"traditional values† and gender roles to enforcing those roles in a cruel, humorless, and terrifying way. Atwood has stated that she wrote the novel in part to â€Å"fend off† the grim future she laid out in its pages; with the release of the new Audible material and the Hulu adaptation, hopefully a new generation of people will be inspired to fend off that future as well. The Handmaid’s Tale remains a living, breathing work of potential history that’s well worth reading or listening to.

Problem Solution, A health issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Problem Solution, A health issue - Essay Example Scientists and physicians together with health organizations have published several articles addressing the issue. Furthermore, the majority of the people have a notion that women cannot have muscles due to lack of hormones associated with the same. Contrary to what majority think, women can have a well defined muscular body with proper training. In this case, proper training involves lifting weights and not just any weights but heavy weights. Having enough muscles ensures proper metabolism. Increasing the percentage of muscles in ones body increases the metabolism rate. Physicians refer to this as the basic metabolism rate (BMR). Defined and well-structured muscles increase the BMR thus ensuring that calories are burnt even when an individual is resting. The burning of the excess calories ensured fitness and desired body size and shape. The addition of exercise to the condition ensures that no matter the amount of calories consumed in a day, one does not add weight in an undesirable manner. One of the benefits of weightlifting can be seen at old age. At the age of 20s to 30s one does not see the need to exercise and concerns of old age stability is for the future. However, training as early as possible for women does not only lead to building of muscles but also improvement of bone density. The increase in bone density would ensure stronger bones and thus stability. Most reported cases of bone problems involve women at old age due to low bone density compared to men. Exercising by lifting weights can enable a woman be more stable at old age minimizing bone-related problems. Maintenance of good bone health involves regular training and lifting of weights that necessitates the need to lift weights and maintain fitness among women. The level of testosterone hormones among ladies is low compared to men. However, the low level of the hormone found in women varies from one woman to another. It is the hormone

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 7

Research Proposal - Essay Example Two middle managers, a labour union leader and thirteen low-level permanent employees were selected using two-stage random sampling technique. Two standardize and validated instruments (questionnaires and interview guides) were used to generate background information and data for analysis. The result of the survey indicates 68.5% believe informal mechanism is more effective in improving individual performance while 54.3% believe it is most appropriate for teamwork. In contrast, 51% low-level employees believe formal mechanisms improve individual performance while 30.1% believe it improves teamwork. Both middle managers and low-level employees believe that a combination of informal and formal control mechanisms is most effective in enhancing employee performance and productivity. However, 79.5% of the middle managers believe a combination that emphasizes formal mechanism is more effective. This is in contrast to low-level employees’ perception (93.4%) that a combination of info rmal and formal strategies that gives prominence to informal interactions among employees is more effective in enhancing employee performance. This contradictory perception of the combination of mechanisms suggests the need for further research into the relations between different combinations of mechanisms and employee performance at individual and team levels. The environment organizations operate is fast changing politically, economically, socially and technologically. These changes are impacting on the way organizations are designed to accommodate resultant changes in relationships among employees. It is the responsibility of management of organizations to continuously respond to these changes in environment and relationship among employees. Traditional rigid methods of dealing with employee relations vis-Ã  -vis performance and productivity are giving way for newer flexible methods. The